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Objective To investigate the iodine intake level and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Harbin City,and to study the correlation between the concentration of urinary iodine and the prevalence of thyroid nodules.Methods In Harbin,18 communities were randomly selected and specimens were collected from fasting morning urine from 2015 to 2017.The urine iodine concentration (UIC) was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,and the thyroid nodule was examined by B ultrasound.Results A total of 2 552 residents aged (45.79 ± 12.06) years old agreed to participate in the study,including 371 males and 2 181 females.The median UIC in all participants was 159.8 μg/L,there was a significant difference in urine iodine frequency distribution among age groups (x2 =40.097,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the median UIC in male was 166.6 μg/L,and in female was 156.2 μg/L.There was a significant difference in UICs between male and female (U =2.122,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of total thyroid nodules in all participants was 48.75％ (1 244/2 552),and the standardized rate was 40.55％.Significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules was observed among age groups (x2 =114.922,P ＜ 0.01),and there was a positive and significant correlation between the detection rate of thyroid nodules and increasing age (xtrand =111.746,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,in male,41.24％ (153/371) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 41.13％,and in female,50.02％ (1 091/2 181) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 49.20％.Likewise,there was a significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules between male and female(x2 =9.790,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of thyroid nodules in the iodine deficient population (urinary iodine was 0-＜ 100 μg/L) was 55.58％ (244/439),and the incidence of thyroid nodules in the iodine adequate or optimal population (urinary iodine was 100-＜ 200 μg/L) was 46.68％ (591/1 266).Conclusions The total iodine level of the population in Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province is at adequate level.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is high and it is increased with age.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is higher in female than male.Regular detection of urine iodine and adjusting iodine nutrition will help prevent thyroid nodules.
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Objectivde To explore the efficacy of i-GMS applied to the diabetes patient outside the hospital.Methods Totally 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into an experiment group (Group A) and a control group (Group B).Group A executed blood glucose monitoring by Glucose Management App and intelligent blood glucose meter (personal version),and Group B completed monitoring by some portable blood glucose meter.Telephone follow-up was performed once a week,and the two groups were compared on glycated albumin (GA) value 3 weeks after discharging,values of HbA1c,FPG and PG2h 3 months after,the times of blood glucose monitoring and hypoglycaemia as well as the patient satisfaction over the glucose management.Results Group A had the values of GA,HbA1c,FPG and PG2h significantly lower than those of Group B (P＜ 0.05).The times of glucose monitoring and patient satisfaction in Group A were statistically higher than those of Group B,while the incidence rate of hypoglycaemia of the former was lower than that of the latter (P＜0.05).Conclusion I-GMS proves efficient when used for glucose self monitoring and management of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patient.
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Midwifery competency is the foundation for sustainable development of the midwifery profession. The promotion of midwives′ competency can improve their ability, strengthen midwifery competitiveness and enhance the quality of midwifery care services. This study gave an overview of the worldwide research progress on midwifery competency, we can draw the conclusion that there are urgent needs to improve midwifery education programs in China, emphasize competency-based midwifery education, as well as standardize the in-service training system to support the development of midwifery competency.
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Objective To investigate the status of nursing professional values and its influencing factors to make contribution for nursing managers to improve nursing professional values.Methods 280 registered nurses selected by convenient sampling method were investigated by demographic questionnaires and the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale (NPVS-R).Results The score of nursing professional value was (100.70 ± 6.36) points,the highest scoring dimension wasprofessional characteristic ,followed by trust, behavioristand providing care.The scores of protecting patients privacy,being trusted by patients,constantly improving professional ability,etc.were higher.The scores of involving in research,peer review and public decision,etc.were lower.Medical department,profession and interest,job satisfaction were the influencing factors,F values were 2.575,3.750 and 2.909.Conclusions The nursing professional value was higher than middle level and unbalanced development.Nursing managers should take individualized approach to improve nursing professional values based on the characteristics of departments and lower score parts.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Roy Adaptation Model(RAM)in patients with adolescent insanity.Methods One hundred patients with adolescent insanity during October 2011 to March 2012 were randomized in equal number into two groups by random digit table:the study group and the control group.The former were intervened with RAM and the latter received routine care and health education.Seven weeks after intervention,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) and Observation Scale(NOSIE)were used for the assessment. Results After intervention,the scores on HAMD and HAMA in the study group were significantly lower,compared to the control group(P<0.01).The scores on social function,social interest,subjective support and use of social support were all significantly higher than those of the control group(all P<0.01). Conclusions RAM can improve their ability of the patients with adolescent insanity to adapt to the environment.It may improve their mental state and their quality of life.
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Objective To investigate the training scale and social demand of nursing undergraduates in recent five years in Henan province,and supply reference for trend of talent supply and demand in future five years in Henan province.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey were taken,6 nursing colleges,78 hospitals took part in the survey.Literature searching and trend extrapolation method were used to predict the demand of nursing talents in Henan province from 2011 to 2015.Results Tertiary hospitals demand more nurses with bachelor degree than secondary hospitals; the appropriate proportion of nurses with bachelor degree in all nurses was 30％～50％; besides,a predictive model equation was proposed.Conclusions The scale of undergraduate nursing should develop in appropriate ratio based on the predictive values; we should strengthen undergraduate nursing education for all-around development to adapt tertiary hospitals and community nursing trend,and the predictive model equation needs continuous emendation.
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Objective To study the effects of TSPG on apoptosis of K562 cells and the probable mechanism involved. Methods MTT was used to investigate the proliferation of K562 cells;Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to investigate the effects of TSPG on apoptosis of K562 cells; The expression of Survivin in K562 cells treated with differ-ent concentraction of TSPG were examined by RT-PCR. Results The growth of K562 cells was inhibited by TSPG in the concentration dependent manner (P < 0.05). FCM showed that the apoptosis rates of cells in 100 μg/L (23.78%) and 200μg/L TSPG group(33.98%) were higher than those in 101μg/L TSPG group(16.67%), with significant difference(P <0.01 or P < 0.05). The expression rates of Survivin were decreased by the treatment with the increasing concentrations of TSPG (P < 0.05). Conclusion TSPG can restrain the human leukemic cell growth and induce cell apoptosis,which may be related to the decreased expressions of Survivin.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purposes of this study were to investigate effects of chloroqquine (CQ) on inhibiting the decomposition of hydrogen peroxides (HP), and to optimize composition of the tooth-bleaching agent.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the principle of the color-changing reaction between horse radish peroxidase and substrate, the tooth-bleaching agent made of HP was divided into four groups with different amounts of CQ. The stability of HP was observed using ELISA for 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the prolongation of store time, the absorbance of HP solutions containing different concentrations of CQ declined at different degrees, which showed a dependent relation between absorbance values and concentrations of CQ. Within the range of experiment concentrations of CQ, the higher the concentration of CQ was, the stronger the stability of HP was. And the duration of tooth-bleaching effects in 150.0 mg/ml of CQ was prolonged 4 to 6 times compared to that without CQ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data indicate that CQ can inhibit the decomposition of HP. The bleaching effect of the tooth-bleaching agent which is made of HP and proper amount of CQ is satisfactory.</p>
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Humans , Chloroquine , Chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drug Interactions , Hydrogen Peroxide , Chemistry , Tooth Bleaching , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-l),insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and growth hormone (GH) on the generation, development and treatment of diabetes chronic complications. Methods 20 healthy controls,10 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and 62 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled into the study. IGF-1, IGFBP-1, GH, HbAlc. serum insulin (INS) and serum C-peptide (C-P) were measured. Results ①Serum level of IGF-1 was obviously lower in the diabetes mellitus group than that in controls (type 1 P＜0. 05,type 2 P＜0. 05). ②Serum level of IGFBP-1 was significantly higher in type I diabetes mellitus than that in controls (P＜0. 05),and it was obviously lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity and hyperinsulinism than that in contris (P＜0. 05). ③Serum level of GH was higher in type 1 diabetes mellitus than that in controls (P＜0. 05 ) and was not significantly different from that in controls (P＞0. 05). ④The level of IGF-l was higher in diabetes nephropathy (DN) patients and diabetes retinopathy (DR) patients than that in controls (P＜0. 05). ⑤The level of IGF1 was negatively correlated with HbAlc (P＜0. 01, type 1r=- 0.73, type 2r=-0. 62). Conclusion Measurement of IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and GH may play an important role in diabetes chronic complications,especially in the generation,development of diabetic microvascular.